基因沉默在农业生产中的应用及其相关因子的研究进展

本文主要介绍了基因沉默在农业生产上的广泛应用,并对一些与基因沉默相关的因如miRNA、阿格蛋（Argo-naute protein）和PolIV进行了阐述。     

植物生长素反应因子研究进展

生长素反应因子（ARFs）是植物生长和发育的重要调节因子,在生长素早期反应蛋白（Aux／IAAs）的参与下,通过和生长素反应基因启动子区AuxRE元件的JTGTCTC序列结合,共同调控这些基因的表达。近年来关于生长素反应因子的分子结构和ARF与Aux／IAA的相互作用及其对植物生长和发育的影响、作用的靶基因以及分子机制受到人们的重视,并在这些方面做了大量的研究。     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅲ.凤尾蕨科

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产凤尾蕨科及其近缘科蕨科、姬蕨科和碗蕨科5属9种植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究,详细描述了9种植物孢子的形态及表面纹饰特征.井栏边草、刺齿凤尾蕨、隆林凤尾蕨、剑叶凤尾蕨、林下凤尾蕨、蕨和碗蕨植物的孢子为三裂缝,辐射对称;极面观为钝三角形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;栗蕨和姬蕨植物孢子为...     

Pretreatment with H_2O_2 Alleviates Aluminum-induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat Seedlings

Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) is a key reactive oxygen species(ROS) in signal transduction pathways leading to activation of plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,we investigated the effects of H2O2 pretreatment on aluminum(Al) induced antioxidant responses in root tips of two wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes,Yangmai-5(Al-sensitive) and Jian-864(Al-tolerant).Al increased accumulation of H2O2 and O2r· leading to more predominant lipid peroxidation,programmed cell death and root elon...     

Allelic Analyses of the Arabidopsis YUC1 Locus Reveal Residues and Domains Essential for the Functions of YUC Family of Flavin Monooxygenases

Flavin monooxygenases(FMOs) play critical roles in plant growth and development by synthesizing auxin and other signaling molecules.However,the structure and function relationship within plant FMOs is not understood.Here we defined the important residues and domains of the Arabidopsis YUC1 FMO,a key enzyme in auxin biosynthesis.We previously showed that simultaneous inactivation of YUC1 and its homologue YUC4 caused severe defects in vascular and floral development.We mutagenized the yuc4 mutant and screene...     

WBC27,an Adenosine Tri-phosphate-binding Cassette Protein,Controls Pollen Wall Formation and Patterning in Arabidopsis

In flowering plants,the exine components are derived from tapetum.Despite its importance to sexual plant reproduction,little is known about the translocation of exine materials from tapetum to developing microspores.Here we report functional characterization of the arabidopsis WBC27 gene.WBC27 encodes an adenosine tri-phosphate binding cassette(ABC) transporter and is expressed preferentially in tapetum.Mutation of WBC27 disrupted the exine formation.The wbc27 mutant microspores began to degenerate once rel...     

C_4 Plants as Biofuel Feedstocks: Optimising Biomass Production and Feedstock Quality from a Lignocellulosic Perspective

The main feedstocks for bioethanol are sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and maize (Zea mays),both of which are C4 grasses,highly efficient at converting solar energy into chemical energy,and both are food crops.As the systems for lignocellulosic bioethanol production become more efficient and cost effective,plant biomass from any source may be used as a feedstock for bioethanol production.Thus,a move away from using food plants to make fuel is possible,and sources of biomass such as wood from forestry and ...     

光学分子影像技术及其在药物研发领域的应用

光学分子影像技术是一种发展迅速的生物医学影像技术,能够利用生物发光技术或荧光蛋白等,对生物体内特定的生物过程进行无创的定性或定量研究。应用该技术可以对药物进行筛选,选取具有潜在治疗效果的药物进行后续研究,而终止对可能无效药物的研究,同时可以评价药物对肿瘤的代谢、增殖、血管形成、凋亡和组织乏氧等方面的影响。本文主要介绍光学分子影像技术及其在药物研发,尤其是抗肿瘤药物研发领域的应用。     

病原菌Pst DC3000侵染拟南芥导致自噬和光合作用的抑制

在病原菌侵染下,植物体是如何通过超敏反应限制病原菌扩增的,到目前为止还不清楚。最近的研究显示自噬起了必要的作用,可见,研究自噬和超敏反应的机制非常重要。本研究通过观察在非寄主病原菌突变体丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomatoDC3000,Pst DC3000)的侵染下,拟南芥光合功能的变化及自噬现象出现的情况,以为进一步研究植物抗病机理提供实验基础。以野生型拟南芥为材料,采用光谱分析和叶绿素荧光成像分析手段,研究不同浓度的Pst DC3000侵染对拟南芥离体叶片光合功能的影响;以转基因野生型拟南芥(绿色荧光蛋白标记的自噬基因8a)幼根为材料,应用共聚焦显微镜,研究不同浓度的Pst DC3000诱导拟南芥自噬的情况。实验发现,OD600=0.2的Pst DC3000侵染,可显著诱导拟南芥叶片活性氧的积累和迸发,并会引起拟南芥叶片光合作用效率的下降。同时发现,该病原菌处理2 h,可导致拟南芥根中自噬小体的产生。用2',7'-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酯(2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,H2DCFDA)标记活性氧,检测了P...